Research

Empathy Mapping

A practical UX research synthesis method for visualising user perspective across thoughts, emotions, statements, and actions.

How to run empathy mapping to turn qualitative insights into a shared understanding of user mindset, pain points, and opportunities.

11 June 20114 min read

Quick take

If you don’t understand what users feel, think, or do, you’re designing in the dark. Map empathy to see through their eyes.

What it is

Empathy mapping is a UX and method used to visualise what users say, think, feel, and do in a given .

It involves creating a collaborative visual representation that organises from interviews, , or other into key quadrants: Say, Think, Feel, and Do.

The focus is on capturing user perspective and emotions to inform design decisions.

Key takeaway

The goal is to develop a shared understanding of users, highlight pain points, and identify opportunities to improve the experience.

When to use it

Use this method when you need to humanise user .

It is most useful when:

you want to understand user motivations and frustrations
designing new features, products, or services
you have qualitative research from interviews or observations
you need to align the team on user needs
you want to identify opportunities for innovation

It is less useful when:

only quantitative data is available
users’ context or emotions are not relevant
Empathy mapping is often used alongside personas, journey mapping, and thematic analysis.

How to run it

Set up properly.

Before you start, be clear on the user segment or persona to focus on, the , and the format for the empathy map.

Prepare and in advance.

Run the method.

Empathy mapping is collaborative and visual.

Divide a board into quadrants: Say, Think, Feel, Do. Place into the relevant quadrants. Discuss and identify or contradictions. Highlight pain points, motivations, and opportunities. Summarise findings and action points.

Focus on understanding the user holistically, not just .

Capture and make sense of it.

The value comes from synthesising user perspective.

After mapping: document key and themes, identify gaps or assumptions needing validation, use findings to inform design and content, and share the empathy map with the team for .

Key takeaway

Use this to design experiences that resonate with users.

What to look for

Focus on:

User statements
What users actually say
Thoughts
What they think but may not voice
Feelings
Emotions and frustrations affecting behaviour
Actions
Observable behaviours and patterns
Opportunities
Moments to improve experience or meet unspoken needs

Where it goes wrong

Most issues come from:

If the map is superficial, it provides little guidance.

relying on assumptions instead of research
forcing data into quadrants inaccurately
ignoring contradictions or nuances
not updating maps with new insights
failing to act on findings

What you get from it

Done properly, this method gives you:

deep understanding of user mindset and behaviour
identification of pain points and motivations
aligned team perspective on users
actionable insights for design and content

Key takeaway

It helps you create empathetic, user-centred experiences.

Get in touch

If this sounds like something you need, we can help you create empathy maps that uncover what users truly think, feel, and do, guiding design decisions that actually resonate.

No guesswork. No assumptions. Just design with empathy.

FAQ

Common questions

A few practical answers to the questions that usually come up around this method.

What is empathy mapping in UX?

It is a method for visualising what users say, think, feel, and do to guide design decisions.

When should you use empathy mapping?

After , during ideation, or when defining user needs.

What data do you need?

Interviews, , , or notes capturing user perspectives.

Why is it important?

It helps designers understand the user holistically and identify opportunities for improvement.

Does empathy mapping improve UX?

Yes. It ensures products and content meet real user needs and emotions.

LET'S WORK TOGETHER

Ready to improve your product?

UX, research and product leadership for teams tackling complex digital services. The work usually starts where things have become harder than they need to be: unclear journeys, inconsistent products, competing priorities, or teams trying to move forward without a clear direction. I help simplify the problem, shape the right next step, and turn complexity into something people can actually use.

Previous feedback

Will Parkhouse

Senior Content Designer

01/20